What are ATEX areas?
ATEX generally refers to the hazard of explosive atmospheres occurring in the workplace due to the presence of flammable gasses or combustible dust mixed in air, which can give rise to the risk of explosion.
Which system is used for landfill gas collection?
LFG is extracted from landfills using a series of wells and a blower/flare (or vacuum) system. This system directs the collected gas to a central point where it can be processed and treated depending upon the ultimate use for the gas. From this point, the gas can be flared or beneficially used in an LFG energy project.
What is hazardous area classification?
The Zone system of hazardous area classification, defines the probability of the hazardous material, gas or dust, being present in sufficient quantities that can generate explosive or ignitable mixtures.
What is the BTU value of landfill gas?
With a heating value of about 500 British thermal units (Btu) per standard cubic foot, LFG is a good source of useful energy, normally through the operation of engines or turbines.
What are the phases in the landfill gas generation?
These two compounds, along with a small volume of other compounds grouped into the term “trace gases”, make up landfill gas (LFG). This decomposition of wastes and subsequent production of the majority of LFG consists of five phases: hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, methanogenesis, and maturation.
What is Zone 2 rated equipment?
Zone 2: Where ignitable concentrations are not likely to exist under normal operating conditions.
What is a Class 1 location?
Class I Locations A “Class I Location” is created by the presence of flammable gases or vapors in the air in sufficient quantities to be explosive or ignitable. When these materials are found in the atmosphere, a potential for explosion exists if an electrical or other source of ignition is present.
How do you calculate LFG emitted?
Total LFG generation is equal to the methane generation rate divided by the volume fraction of methane assumed in the LFG. For example, two times the calculated methane generation if the LFG is assumed to contain 50 percent methane (QLFG = Q/0.5 = 2Q).
How much co2 does a landfill produce?
Per the most recent Inventory Report, U.S. landfills released an estimated 109.3 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MMTCO2e) of methane into the atmosphere in 2020; this represents 16.8 percent of the total U.S. anthropogenic methane emissions across all sectors.
What is the main component of landfill gas?
Methane
Landfill gas contains many different gases. Methane and carbon dioxide make up 90 to 98% of landfill gas. The remaining 2 to 10% includes nitrogen, oxygen, ammonia, sulfides, hydrogen and various other gases. Landfill gases are produced when bacteria break down organic waste.
What equipment category is suitable for Zone 1?
Equipment category 2 This equipment is intended for use in Zone 1 (gases) or Zone 21 (dusts).