What is binodal curve in liquid liquid extraction?
1, the binodal curve TCB divides a region of component concentrations that will form two immiscible aqueous phases (above the curve) from those that will form one phase (below the curve).
What is binodal curve in phase diagram?
The binodal curve is the boundary between the 2-phase condition and the single-phase condition. Inside the binodal curve or phase envelope, the two-phase condition prevails. If we follow the convention given above (lights at the top, heavies and mediums at the sides), the two-phase region will be found at the top.
What is cloud point titration method?
The experimental procedure used for determining the binodal curves was based on the cloud point titration method, in which the endpoint is the appearance (or disappearance) of turbidity when the system changes from one phase to two phases (or vice versa).
What is the difference between cloud point and pour point?
Cloud point is the minimum temperature at which the first crystal formation starts. Pour point is the minimum temperature below which a liquid loses its flow characteristics.
What is the significance of cloud point of a surfactant?
Importance of the Cloud Point of surfactants The Cloud Point of a solution corresponds to the temperature above which a sample becomes turbid. The Cloud Point is a reliable quality control parameter for water-soluble surfactants, for both emulsions and dispersions.
What is miscibility gap in phase diagram?
A miscibility gap is a region in a phase diagram for a mixture of components where the mixture exists as two or more phases – any region of composition of mixtures where the constituents are not completely miscible.
What is raffinate and extract?
Liquid extraction is the separation of the constituents of a liquid by contact with another insoluble liquid called solvent. The constituents get distributed between the two phases. The solvent rich phase is called extract and the residual liquid from which the solute has been removed is called raffinate.
What is meant by cloud point temperature?
Definition of cloud point : the temperature at which a liquid (as a petroleum oil) begins to cloud (as from the separation of wax on cooling)
What is the significance of plait point in extraction process?
The Plait Point P, is the intersection of the raffinate-phase and extract-phase boundary curves. At this point, the equilibrium phases become coincident and no separation can be made at that point.
What is the binodal and spinodal curve?
The binodal curve (or coexistence curve) defines the temperatures and compositions at which phase separation is thermodynamically favorable. The spinodal curve is located within the binodal curve and indicates the limit of local phase stability.
How do you determine the selectivity of an extraction?
The selectivity of the extraction can be determined graphically if the concentrations of extract D and raffinate phase G are converted on a solvent-free basis, the ratio of both concentrations represents the selectivity. If this distribution equilibrium is reached, a so-called theoretical stage is present.
What is extraction from two phases?
Extraction takes place in the vapour phase where an intensive distribution of both phases is ensured. The condensed vapours from the two phases are separated via a siphon using their different densities and their reintroduction into the original flasks.
What are the enhanced routes for extraction of tetracycline?
Aqueous biphasic systems composed of ionic liquids and sodium carbonate as enhanced routes for the extraction of tetracycline. Biotechnology progress. 2013;29(3):645–654.