What does an auramine fluorescent stain detect?
Rhodamine auramine stain is used for the detection of mycobacteria directly from clinical specimens. The dye binds with the mycolic acids and fluoresces under ultraviolet light. Acid fast organisms (mycobacteria) will appear yellow or orange under ultraviolet light.
How is primary tuberculosis identified?
AFB smear microscopy and culture. For pulmonary TB, sputum is the most critical sample for laboratory testing. Direct sputum smear microscopy is the most widely used method for diagnosing pulmonary TB and is available in most primary health-care laboratories at the health-center level3,12.
What are pathological changes in tuberculosis?
Arthur Dannenberg described the pathology of tuberculosis in detail [2, 3]. There are five stages: onset, symbiosis, early stages of caseous necrosis, interplay of cell-mediated immunity and tissue damaging delayed-type hypersensitivity, and liquefaction and cavity formation.
How do you remove auramine stain?
- Place the fixed smear on a staining rack and flood slide with rhodamine-auramine for 15 minutes.
- Wash off the stain with distilled water.
- Flood slide with fluorescent decolorizer (i.e acid-alcohol) for 2-3 minutes.
- Rinse thoroughly with distilled water.
- Flood slide with potassium permanganate for 3-4 minutes.
Which of the following signs indicates the need for sputum examination for AFB?
You may need an AFB test if you have symptoms of active TB. These include: Cough that lasts for three weeks or more. Coughing up blood and/or sputum.
Is auramine O carcinogenic?
Auramine production is carcinogenic to humans (Group 1).
What are the symptoms of latent tuberculosis (TB)?
coughing up blood or sputum (phlegm from deep inside the lungs) Symptoms of TB disease in other parts of the body depend on the area affected. People who have latent TB infection do not feel sick, do not have any symptoms, and cannot spread TB to others.
What is auramine stain used for?
Auramine is a fluorochrome stain used to visualize acid-fast structures of various microorganisms especially Mycobacterium tuberculosis and in modified form for Mycobacterium leprae, Nocardia species, Cryptosporidium parvum, Cyclospora cayetanensis , Isospora belli, and fungal spores.
How to detect acid-fast structures in tuberculosis (TB)?
Ziehl-Neelsen (hot), Kinyoun (cold) are still widely used methods to detect acid-fast structures in these organisms in developing countries but sensitivity is high of fluorochrome stain. The acid fastness of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is due to having a thick cell wall composed of waxes and lipids that has a high content of mycolic acid. Fig. 1.
How does tuberculosis affect other parts of the body?
Tuberculosis can also affect other parts of your body, including the kidneys, spine or brain. When TB occurs outside your lungs, signs and symptoms vary according to the organs involved. For example, tuberculosis of the spine might cause back pain, and tuberculosis in your kidneys might cause blood in your urine.