What is DNA damage and mutation?
DNA damage is an abnormal chemical structure in DNA, while a mutation is a change in the sequence of base pairs. DNA damages cause changes in the structure of the genetic material and prevents the replication mechanism from functioning and performing properly.
What is DNA damage?
DNA damage is defined as any modification of DNA that changes its coding properties or normal function in transcription or replication (1, 9).
Is DNA damage considered a mutation?
While DNA damage is distinguished from mutation, mutation can result from unrepaired DNA. While most DNA damage can be repaired, such repair systems are not 100% efficient. Un-repaired DNA damage accumulates in non-replicating cells, such as neurons or myocytes of adult mammals, and can cause aging.
What is DNA damage and types?
DNA damage can be subdivided into two types: (1) endogenous damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are derived from metabolic byproducts and (2) exogenous damage caused by radiation (UV, X-ray, gamma), hydrolysis, plant toxins, and viruses.
What is the causes of DNA damage?
The four types of factors that cause DNA damage are: (1) Hydrolysis (2) Deamination (3) Alkylation and (4) Oxidation.
What is an example of DNA damage?
Exogenous DNA damage, on the other hand, occurs when environmental, physical and chemical agents damage the DNA. Examples include UV and ionizing radiation, alkylating agents, and crosslinking agents.
What is DNA mutation?
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism. Mutations can result from errors in DNA replication during cell division, exposure to mutagens or a viral infection.
How can DNA damage create a mutation?
DNA can be damaged by radiation and reactive molecules, such as free radicals. As discussed in the animation, this damage may create mutations by chemically changing the DNA. Most mutations are corrected by DNA repair processes in the cell.
What are the causes of DNA damages?
What causes DNA mutations?
What happens if DNA is damaged?
• Some factors can influence on DNA, resulting DNA damage. • If not repaired, will lead to mutation and possibly disease. • Permanent change in the DNA sequence is called Mutation. Clancy, S. (2008) DNA damage and repair: mechanisms for maintaining DNA integrity.
What are the mechanisms of mutation and DNA repair?
Mechanisms of Mutation And DNA repair Thet Su Win MTMT/D-5736940 2. DNA and its mutation • Components of DNA has its unique structures. • Its integrity and stability are essential for life. • Some factors can influence on DNA, resulting DNA damage. • If not repaired, will lead to mutation and possibly disease.
What is DNA mutation and why is it important?
DNA and its mutation • Components of DNA has its unique structures. • Its integrity and stability are essential for life. • Some factors can influence on DNA, resulting DNA damage. • If not repaired, will lead to mutation and possibly disease. • Permanent change in the DNA sequence is called Mutation.
What can result in a transition mutation?
This conversion of a DNA base from cytosine (C) to thymine (T) can result in a transition mutation 13. Nitric Oxide induced Deamination • Auto-oxidation of nirtic acid or from Acidic nitrite • Nitrosating agent like nitrous anhydrite (N2O3) • react with amines, thiol and other necleophles • Deamination of DNA 14.