What does L-selectin bind?
L-selectin binds gp120, one of the many glycans present on the HIV envelope. This binding allows for rolling adhesion to T cells and thus facilitates the binding of HIV to its target receptors. Infection of the cell triggers shedding of L-selectin.
Do neutrophils express L-selectin?
L-selectin is a type I transmembrane cell adhesion molecule expressed on most circulating leukocytes, including neutrophils.
What is the role played by leukocyte migration?
Leukocyte migration through activated venular walls is a fundamental immune response that is prerequisite to the entry of effector cells such as neutrophils, monocytes, and effector T cells to sites of infection, injury, and stress within the interstitium.
What is leukocyte adhesion?
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) is a primary immunodeficiency that causes individuals to be abnormally susceptible to developing frequent soft-tissue infections, gum inflammation, and tooth loss.
What is the treatment for leukocyte adhesion deficiency?
Treatment of leukocyte adhesion deficiency is with prophylactic antibiotics, often given continuously (usually trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole). Granulocyte transfusions can also help.
What are selectin molecules?
The selectins (cluster of differentiation 62 or CD62) are a family of cell adhesion molecules (or CAMs). All selectins are single-chain transmembrane glycoproteins that share similar properties to C-type lectins due to a related amino terminus and calcium-dependent binding.
Is leukocyte adhesion deficiency fatal?
LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY TYPE II The infections are usually not life-threatening and are often treated in an outpatient basis. No pus formation is seen at the site of infection.
What is the difference between integrin and selectin?
Integrins typically bind to the extracellular matrix, while selectins, cadherins, and IgSF members are associated with cell-cell adhesion (9). However, immune cell integrins also bind to soluble ligands and ligands on other cells.
Where is selectin found?
Selectins are carbohydrate-binding molecules that bind to fucosylated and sialylated glycoprotein ligands, and are found on endothelial cells, leukocytes and platelets. They are involved in trafficking of cells of the innate immune system, T lymphocytes and platelets.