What does the enzyme COX-2 do?
In contrast, COX-2, the inducible form, is expressed in response to inflammatory and other physiologic stimuli and growth factors and is involved in the production of those prostaglandins that mediate pain and support the inflammatory process.
What is the COX-2 gene?
COX-2 promotes metastasis and predicts prognosis in gastric cancer via regulating mTOR. COX-2 gene rs689466 polymorphism is associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer among Caucasians: a meta-analysis. LncRNA MAFG-AS1 Promotes the Progression of Bladder Cancer by Targeting the miR-143-3p/COX-2 Axis.
Is COX-2 a transcription factor?
Cumulatively, our data demonstrate that the COX-2 gene is transcriptionally regulated in LPS-treated RAW264. 7 macrophages in a coordinated manner by unique pairings of transcription factors and promoter elements to sustain COX-2 transcriptional activation for 12 h after initiating LPS treatment.
Where is COX-2 produced?
COX-2 is expressed at low levels in the kidney under normal physiological conditions and is highly induced in response to inflammation and renal injury [1], [6]. In this review, we will highlight mainly the role of COX-2 and PGE2 in several physiological and pathophysiological processes in the kidney.
How is cox2 induced?
Although low basal cerebral COX-2 expression has been reported, COX-2 is strongly induced by pro-inflammatory challenges, whereas COX-1 is constitutively expressed. However, the contribution of these enzymes in prostanoid formation varies depending on the stimuli and cell type.
Why is Cox-1 constitutive?
Cyclooxygenase (COX) is a key enzyme in prostanoid synthesis. It exists in two isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2. COX-1 is referred to as a ‘constitutive isoform’, and is considered to be expressed in most tissues under basal conditions.
Where are COX-2 receptors found?
COX-1 was found in blood vessels, interstitial cells, smooth muscle cells, platelets and mesothelial cells. In contrast, COX-2 was found predominantly in the parenchymal cells of many tissues, with few exceptions, for example the heart.
Is COX-2 a tumor suppressor?
The activity of COX-2-PGE2-EP signal pathway can suppress Dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK), T cells, type-1 immunity excluding type-2 immunity which promote tumor immune evasion. COX-2 and the prostaglandin cascade play important roles in the “inflammogenesis of cancer”.
Where are COX-1 and COX-2 receptors located?
COX-1 is found in platelets, GI mucosal cells, and renal tubule cells. COX-2 has been identified in fibroblasts, chondrocytes, endothelial cells, macrophages, and mesangial cells. COX-2 is induced by exposure to various cytokines, mitogens and endotoxin, and it is up-regulated at inflammation sites.