What is the mechanism of action of cisplatin?
The current accepted paradigm about cisplatin mechanism of action is that the drug induces its cytotoxic properties through binding to nuclear DNA and subsequent interference with normal transcription, and/or DNA replication mechanisms.
What is the major side effect of alkylating agents?
The most common side effects of alkylating agents include: hair loss (alopecia) anemia. reduced blood cell counts (pancytopenia)
How do alkylating agents stop the reproduction of cells?
Alkylating agents keep the cell from reproducing (making copies of itself) by damaging its DNA. These drugs work in all phases of the cell cycle and are used to treat many different cancers, including cancers of the lung, breast, and ovary as well as leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin disease, multiple myeloma, and sarcoma.
What Is Target Of cisplatin?
Cisplatin binds to the N7 reactive center on purine residues and as such can cause deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage in cancer cells, blocking cell division and resulting in apoptotic cell death. The 1,2-intrastrand cross-links of purine bases with cisplatin are the most notable among the changes in DNA.
Why does cisplatin have side effects?
Cisplatin is an irritant. An irritant is a chemical that can cause inflammation of the vein through which it is given. If cisplatin escapes from the vein it can cause tissue damage.
Which anticancer drug is an alkylating agent?
Although alkylating agents may be used for most types of cancer, they are generally of greatest value in treating slow-growing cancers. Alkylating agents are not as effective on rapidly growing cells. Examples of alkylating agents include chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, thiotepa, and busulfan.
Why do chemotherapy patients lose their hair?
Why does it occur? Chemotherapy drugs are powerful medications that attack rapidly growing cancer cells. Unfortunately, these drugs also attack other rapidly growing cells in your body — including those in your hair roots. Chemotherapy may cause hair loss all over your body — not just on your scalp.
Why is cisplatin alkylating?
Cisplatin is an antineoplastic in the class of alkylating agents and is used to treat various forms of cancer. Alkylating agents are so named because of their ability to add alkyl groups to many electronegative groups under conditions present in cells.
Can cisplatin cause permanent damage?
Cisplatin (CDDP) is a frequently employed chemotherapeutic drug both in curative and palliative settings. When cancer patients are cured due to CDDP therapy, they unfortunately often experience severe long‐term side effects including irreversible hearing loss (ototoxicity) and permanent neuronal and renal damage.
Can cisplatin damage heart?
Cisplatin is unique in that it can cause late cardiovascular complications such as hypertension, LV hypertrophy, myocardial ischemia, and MI as long as 10 to 20 years after the remission of metastatic testicular cancer.
What does the costophrenic angle look like?
The angle is observed as a downward indentation between the left or right diaphragm and adjacent chest wall. Under normal circumstances, an extremely small part of each lung touches the costophrenic angle.
What does blunting of the costophrenic angle mean?
Blunting of the costophrenic angle (also known as blunting of the costophrenic sulcus) is a chest radiograph sign usually indicative of a small pleural effusion. It may be seen on either frontal or lateral erect projections.
How much pleural fluid is needed for costophrenic angle blunting?
It has been found that approximately 200 mL pleural fluid needs to be present for blunting of a costophrenic angle to be visible on a lateral chest radiograph. It is important to recognize that this sign is far from pathognomonic of a pleural effusion.
What is costophrenic blunting without other signs of pleural effusion?
Isolated costophrenic blunting without other signs of pleural effusion is estimated to represent approximately 300mL of pleural fluid. An abnormally sharp costophrenic angle with a deep, sharp sulcus on a supine chest x-ray. A sign of pneumothorax.