What causes epithelioid trophoblastic tumor?
The term “epithelioid trophoblastic tumour” was first proposed in 1994. It was suggested then that the development of an ETT was the result of chemotherapy given for choriocarcinoma, and that chemotherapy had influenced the growth of tumour cells by drug‐induced changes.
What is the full form of PSTT?
Placental site trophoblastic tumour (PSTT) is a very rare and unique form of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). This tumour represents a neoplastic transformation of intermediate trophoblastic cells that normally play a critical role in implantation.
What is the choriocarcinoma?
(KOR-ee-oh-KAR-sih-NOH-muh) A malignant, fast-growing tumor that develops from trophoblastic cells (cells that help an embryo attach to the uterus and help form the placenta). Almost all choriocarcinomas form in the uterus after fertilization of an egg by a sperm, but a small number form in a testis or an ovary.
What causes trophoblastic disease?
The most common types of gestational trophoblastic disease occur when a sperm cell fertilizes an empty egg cell or when two sperm cells fertilize a normal egg cell. Your risk is higher based on your: Age: Gestational trophoblastic disease occurs in women of childbearing age.
Can trophoblastic tumors spread?
Placental-site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT). It starts where the placenta joins with the uterus. This type of tumor grows slowly, but it can eventually spread to the uterine muscle, nearby blood vessels, and lymph nodes, pelvis, or lungs.
What is the main function of trophoblast?
The trophoblast forms the outer layer of the blastocyst. Thus, their main role is to provide nutrition to the developing embryo. They also help in the embryo implantation process.
What is death of trophoblastic tissue?
Gestational trophoblastic disease can occur during or after an intrauterine or ectopic pregnancy. If the disease occurs during a pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, eclampsia, or fetal death typically occurs; the fetus rarely survives.
What hormone is secreted by the trophoblast?
6.2 Progesterone Hormones such as hCG, produced by the trophoblast, maintain this progesterone production in early pregnancy [71]. Progesterone was suggested to affect trophoblast invasiveness through the down-regulation of MMP-9 [72].
What are the types of trophoblast?
There are three types of trophoblasts: cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, and intermediate trophoblasts (ITs). Cytotrophoblasts may be easily seen histologically as the inner cell layer of the chorionic villi in normal first trimester gestations (Figure 1(a)).
What is the purpose of the trophoblast?
Trophoblasts are cells that form the outer layer of a blastocyst, which provides nutrients to the embryo, and then develop into a large part of the placenta. Trophoblast invasion is a critical process in the establishment of a successful pregnancy.
What two layers develop from the trophoblast?
Trophoblast. As the blastocyst embeds itself in the endrometrium it differentiates into two layers: the cytotrophoblast (inner) and syncytiotrophoblast (outer). The syncytiotrophoblast invades into the maternal endrometrium, and in this sense it is more invasive than any tumor tissue.
What are the two layers of the trophoblast?
What is the function of trophoblast?
Trophoblast is cells forming the outer layer of a blastocyst, which provide nutrients to the embryo and develop into a large part of the placenta. They are formed during the first stage of pregnancy and are the first cells to differentiate from the fertilized egg.