How does bongkrekic acid work?
Bongkrekic acid produces its toxic effects by inhibiting mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT). Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesized in the mitochondria is exchanged for cytosolic adenosine diphosphate (ADP) by ANT to provide a continuous supply of ADP to the mitochondrial matrix (Fig. 2).
Where does Bongkrekic disrupt cellular respiration?
How Does Bongkrek Acid Affect Cellular Respiration? As a result, no ATP can be produced. Bongkrekic acid prevents ADP from reaching the mitochondrial matrix, causing it to build up in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
What does bongkrekic acid inhibit?
Bongkrekic acid (BKA) is shown to inhibit adenine nucleotide translocator in the mitochondrial inner membrane, which is bifunctional and facilitates ATP/ADP exchange and permeability transition pore opening in mitochondria.
Is bongkrekic acid a transport inhibitor?
Bongkrekic acid has to cross the mitochondrial inner membrane to produce its inhibitory effect on ADP/ATP transport.
What effect does bongkrekic acid have on cellular respiration?
Bongkrekic acid decreases cellular ATP in cancer cells. Bongkrekic acid decreases mitochondrial OXPHOS and enhances glycolysis in cells. Bongkrekic acid induces cell death under low glucose conditions.
What causes bongkrekic acid?
Bongkrekic acid (BA) poisoning can be caused by eating spoiled or fermented foods contaminated with pseudomonas cocovenenans.
How do you prevent bongkrekic acid?
To prevent bongkrekic acid poisoning, black fungus should be kept in the refrigerator if overnight soaking is needed. All utensils and surfaces which will come into contact with food should be cleaned thoroughly before food preparation.
What causes Bongkrekic acid?
What effect does Bongkrekic acid have on cellular respiration?
What is the mechanism of action of toxoflavin?
The mechanism of action of toxoflavin was studied by examining the effect on yeast and some other microorganisms. Toxoflavin appears to act as an electron-carrier which makes possible a by-passing of the cytochrome-system. The final result of this electron-transfer is the production of hydrogen-peroxide.
What is the role of toxoflavin in the production of hydrogen peroxide?
Toxoflavin appears to act as an electron-carrier which makes possible a by-passing of the cytochrome-system. The final result of this electron-transfer is the production of hydrogen-peroxide.
What is toxoflavin (P cocovenenans)?
It is also a yellow pigment that acts as a pH indicator changing between yellow and colorless at a pH of 10.5. Toxoflavin is one of two toxins produced when a fermented coconut drink, Tempe bonkrek, is contaminated with P. cocovenenans. Toxoflavin is toxic because it acts as an electron carrier, resulting in the production of hydrogen peroxide.
What is the role of toxoflavin as a pH indicator?
Toxoflavin acts as a pH indicator, changing between yellow and colorless at pH 10.5. ^ Machlowitz, Roy A.; Fisher, W. P.; McKay, Betsey S.; Tytell, Alfred A.; Charney, Jesse (1954).