What is EPI polio?
The Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) was launched in Pakistan in 1978 to protect children by immunizing them against childhood tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus and measles.
What are the 3 types of poliovirus?
There are three wild types of poliovirus (WPV) – type 1, type 2, and type 3. People need to be protected against all three types of the virus in order to prevent polio disease and the polio vaccination is the best protection.
Why is IPV added to EPI?
“Adding at least one dose of IPV to the routine immunization schedule is the best possible way to protect your children from life-long polio paralysis, while the disease is being eradicated from the remaining endemic hotspots.”
Which is better IPV or OPV?
The IPV that has been used in the United States since 1987 is as effective as OPV for preventing polio. Two doses of IPV provides 90% immunity (protection) to all three types of poliovirus; 3 doses provides at least 99% immunity.
What is the role of EPI?
The Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) is a key global health programme. Its overall goal is to provide effective and quality immunization services to target populations.
Why EPI is not successful in Pakistan?
The EPI in Pakistan also suffers from a severe shortage of human resources at the operational and also management level. The staff in provinces are both under-skilled and the ratio of EPI vaccinators to public is too low – with some areas having as few as 1 or 2 EPI staff members.
What is the difference between Type 1 Type 2 and Type 3 polio?
Type 1 causes paralysis in about 1 in 200 infections; Type 2 was last recorded in 1999; Type 3 is less virulent than type 1, causing paralysis in about 1 in 1000 cases.
Can we give IPV and OPV together?
Yes, it is absolutely safe to give IPV and OPV together. Evidence shows that when IPV is used along with OPV, it builds better mucosal (intestinal) immunity than when OPV is used alone; Hence to maximize childhood immunity and move towards global polio eradication, it is recommended that both vaccines be used together.
How many vaccines are given in EPI?
All eligible children shall receive 1 dose of HepB vaccine at birth (within first 24 hours), 1dose of BCG vaccine as soon as possible after birth, 1 dose of OPV at birth and 3 doses at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age, 1 dose of IPV at 14 weeks of age with Penta3, 3 doses of Pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) vaccine at 6, 10 and 14 …
What is full form of EPI?
Abstract. The Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) was established in 1974 to develop and expand immunization programmes throughout the world. In 1977, the goal was set to make immunization against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, poliomyelitis, measles and tuberculosis available to every child in the world by 1990.
How many vaccines are in EPI?
The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in Pakistan protects against eight vaccine-preventable diseases and immunizes children below 23 months of age.
When did EPI start in Sindh?
The Program was established in 1976 as a pilot project with 6 basic antigens (BCG, Polio, Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus and Measles) in Pakistan. Currently there are 10 different antigens are offered in the program. PPHI Sindh has been working with EPI Program in two districts; Dadu and Khairpur.
Is polio renamed Guillain Barre?
Measles has been renamed roseola, fifth disease, etc; Polio has been renamed Guillain Barre, transverse myelitis, coxsackie, MS, cerebral palsy (we actually use more respirators today than we ever did iron lungs by the way it is just that iron lungs were too expensive and dangerous to keep using);
What is poliovirus Type 2?
cVDPV type 2 (cVDPV2) are the most prevalent, with 959 cases occurring globally in 2020. Notably, since the African Region was declared to have interrupted transmission of the wild poliovirus in August 2020, cVDPV are now the only form of the poliovirus that affects the African Region.
How many types of polio vaccines are there?
Two different kinds of vaccine are available: An inactivated (killed) polio vaccine (IPV) developed by Dr. Jonas Salk and first used in 1955, and. A live attenuated (weakened) oral polio vaccine (OPV) developed by Dr.