What is the Aortopulmonary shunt?
Aortopulmonary shunts are anatomic connections between the aorta (AO) and main or branch pulmonary arteries (PAs) causing left-to-right (L-R) shunts. Occasionally, in cases of severe PA hypertension (PAH), it causes right-to-left (R-L) shunt. Types of aortopulmonary shunts. Connection between AO and main PA (MPA):
What is a systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt?
The systemic-to-pulmonary shunt typically is a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt. This is a connection between the subclavian artery to a branch pulmonary artery via the interposition of a synthetic tube graft. ▪ The patient is usually a neonate or small infant.
What is the name of the shunt from the pulmonary artery to the aorta?
Central shunt. A central shunt is an anastomosis between the ascending aorta and the main pulmonary artery made of PTFE. A central shunt uses a short PTFE connection between the ascending aorta and the main pulmonary artery.
What does the Blalock Thomas Taussig shunt do?
A Blalock-Taussig (BT) shunt is a small tube, only a few millimeters wide, that is used to create a pathway for blood to go from the arterial circulation to the lungs. It is used to treat congenital heart defects that affect blood flow to the lungs.
What is aortopulmonary fistula?
An aortopulmonary artery fistula is an exceptionally rare and often highly lethal condition, usually diagnosed on post-mortem. In these cases, it has been attributed to iatrogenic complications of thoracic aortic surgery, ruptured aortic arch aneurysms and also chronic infectious processes of the aorta or lung [1].
What is a left to right shunt?
The term “shunt” refers to an abnormal connection allowing blood to flow directly from one side of the cardiac circulation to the other. A left-to-right shunt allows the oxygenated, pulmonary venous blood to return directly to the lungs rather than being pumped to the body.
What causes pulmonary shunting?
Causes of shunt include pneumonia, pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), alveolar collapse, and pulmonary arteriovenous communication. Pulmonary shunt can be calculated by the following equation [Figure 5]. Q’T is the total pulmonary blood flow.
Why is a Glenn called bidirectional?
The normal human heart has four equal-sized pumping chambers; two atrium (a right and left) and two ventricles (right and left). The right side pumps blood to the lungs, and the left side pumps blood to the rest of the body.
Which of the following is an indication for a Blalock-Taussig shunt?
The Blalock–Thomas–Taussig shunt (commonly called the Blalock–Taussig shunt) is a surgical procedure used to increase blood flow to the lungs in some forms of congenital heart disease….
| Blalock–Taussig shunt | |
|---|---|
| Specialty | Cardiothoracic surgery |
| Uses | Pulmonary atresia, Tetralogy of Fallot |
What is a Glenn?
The Glenn procedure is a type of open-heart surgery. The goals are to: Make blood from the upper part of the body (the head, neck, and arms) go directly to the lungs. This lets the blood pick up oxygen without passing through the heart.
What is cavopulmonary anastomosis?
This procedure involves disconnecting the superior vena cava from the right atrium and connecting it to the right pulmonary artery. This lets the blue, deoxygenated blood flow directly to both lungs, bypassing the heart. This procedure is usually one in a series of operations.
What is a bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt?
The bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt improves systemic arterial oxygen saturation without increasing ventricular work or pulmonary vascular resistance. Since 1983, 17 patients have undergone a cavopulmonary shunt procedure (five primary operations, 12 secondary operations).
What is a bidirectional Glenn shunt?
The bidirectional Glenn shunt or hemi-Fontan procedure is one of several surgical techniques used to temporarily improve cardiac function in patients with severe structural heart disease which feature single ventricular physiology.
How many patients have had a cavopulmonary shunt since 1983?
Since 1983, 17 patients have undergone a cavopulmonary shunt procedure (five primary operations, 12 secondary operations). Diagnoses were single ventricle complex (n = 4), hypoplastic right heart syndrome (n = 10), and hypoplastic left ventricle (n = 3).
What is the role of the cavopulmonary shunt in palliative care?
The cavopulmonary shunt is an excellent palliative procedure when right atrium-pulmonary artery connection (modified Fontan) must be deferred because of age, weight, or anatomic considerations. Five patients have undergone right atrium-pulmonary artery connection later.