What is turbo code explain with example?
The natural coding rate of a turbo code is R = 1/3 (three output bits for one input bit). To deal with higher coding rates, the parity bits are punctured. For instance, transmitting Y_1 and Y_2 alternately leads to R = 1/2\ . The original turbo code [BER] uses a parallel concatenation of convolutional codes.
How does turbo decoder work?
The turbo decoder uses a parallel concatenated convolutional decoding scheme to decode a coded input signal. The parallel concatenated decoding scheme uses an iterative APP Decoder with two constituent decoders, an interleaver, and a deinterleaver. This figure shows the decoding scheme.
Is turbo code a block code?
Because turbo codes are linear block codes, the encoding operation can be viewed as the modulo-2 matrix multiplica- tion of an information vector with a generator matrix.
Where is turbo code used?
Turbo codes are used in 3G/4G mobile communications (e.g., in UMTS and LTE) and in (deep space) satellite communications as well as other applications where designers seek to achieve reliable information transfer over bandwidth- or latency-constrained communication links in the presence of data-corrupting noise.
Is turbo code a convolutional code?
The turbo code is the name of a class of convolutional codes which developed by parallel concatenating two convolutional code blocks which are identical. This new class of channel error control code is well known for its high performance at low to moderate signal to noise ratio (SNR).
What is hard-decision decoding of product codes?
Hard-decision decoding of product codes is usually carried out with a so-called iterative decoder, which is efficient and can correct most error patterns up to half the minimum distance, and many error patterns beyond half the minimum distance. The iterative decoder was hinted at by Elias in [ 5 ], but it was first properly described in [ 1 ].
What is a product code?
Product codes form a class of concatenated codes and they were introduced in 1954 by Elias [ 5 ]. Hard-decision decoding of product codes is usually carried out with a so-called iterative decoder, which is efficient and can correct most error patterns up to half the minimum distance, and many error patterns beyond half the minimum distance.
Which error patterns does the iterative decoder correct?
Therefore, as proved in the original paper, the algorithm can correct all error patterns of weight less than half the minimum distance. It can also correct many error patterns of larger weight, but apparently the iterative decoder can correct more error patterns.