What causes Segond fracture?
Segond fracture is typically the result of abnormal varus, or “bowing”, stress to the knee, combined with internal rotation of the tibia. Reverse Segond fracture, as its name suggests, is caused by abnormal valgus, or “knock-knee”, stress and external rotation.
Which ligament supports the Popliteus muscle tendon?
The popliteus tendon passes beneath the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) and the tendon of the biceps femoris. The popliteal bursa, which is usually an extension of the synovial membrane, separates it from the lateral femoral condyle.
How is Segond fracture treated?
Patients underwent direct Segond fracture repair by either suture alone, suture anchor, or cannulated screw fixation based on the size of the lesion, followed by a 2-incision hamstring autograft intra-articular reconstruction.
How does ACL tear cause Segond fracture?
Contrary to the more common causes of an ACL tear, which typically involves valgus stress 3, a Segond fracture usually occurs as a result of internal rotation and varus stress 1,4. Typically these injuries are seen in two settings: falls.
How long does it take for a Segond fracture to heal?
In a mean 59.1 months (range, 24-180 months) of follow-up, the Segond group had the same results regarding anteroposterior and rotational stability as the control group. The authors also mentioned that time to fracture healing was 4 months (range, 3-30 months) after injury.
How do you treat popliteus tendinitis?
The treatment for popliteus tendinopathy includes rest, ice application, elevation, an elastic wrap, physical therapy, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication for pain, such as aspirin or ibuprofen. Additional treatment for popliteus tendinopathy may include oral corticosteroids or corticosteroid injections.
What is a reverse Segond fracture?
Reverse Segond fracture is an uncommon avulsion fracture of the tibial attachment of the deep portion of the medial collateral ligament of the knee. We report a reverse Segond fracture associated with anterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion fracture and anteromedial tibial rim fracture.
What is a Segond fracture of the knee?
Segond fractures are a type of avulsion fracture on the lateral aspect of the knee. They are relatively common and are highly associated with an underlying anterior cruciate ligament injury. This activity reviews the cause, evaluation, treatment, and prognosis of Segond fractures.
What is a positive pivot shift test?
The movement is a combination of axial load and valgus force, applied by the examiner, during a knee flexion from an extended position. When the test is positive, it indicates an injury of the anterior cruciate ligament.
How do you fix popliteus tendonitis?
Can I run with popliteus tendinitis?
Popliteus Strain and/or Tendinopathy Treatment Patients should not run or ski until the knee is pain-free and should limit sports activities for at least the first 6 weeks. Once you are pain-free, a gradual return to play can begin.
What are the three special tests for ACL tears?
Index test(s) The anterior Lachman test, anterior drawer test and the pivot shift test, which are summarised in Table 1, are the most commonly known physical tests used to assess the integrity of the ACL (Benjaminse 2006; Leblanc 2015; Malanga 2003; Scholten 2003; Solomon 2001).
What is a negative pivot shift?
Grade II pivot shift: There is a definite ‘clunk’ when the tibia is in the medially rotated position and there is an abnormal movement in the neutral position. The test is negative when the tibia is held in a position of definite lateral rotation.
Is popliteus tendinitis serious?
Recognizing and correctly diagnosing popliteus tendinopathy is very important. Tendinopathy of the popliteus muscle can be very painful and limit athletic performance. A misdiagnosis can lead to unnecessary surgery. Popliteus tendinopathy is an infrequent and often misdiagnosed injury of the posterior part of the knee.
What is popliteal tendinitis?
Popliteal tendinitis involves irritation, swelling, and pain along the length of the tendon that courses lateral around the femoral condyle. It is often seen with downhill running. It presents as posterolateral knee pain that is worse with downhill running and sitting cross-legged.
How is popliteus tendinopathy diagnosed in lateral knee pain?
The diagnosis is established by assessing carefully the case history and by a physical examination. Popliteus tendinopathy causes lateral knee pain. During examination, patients present tenderness at the lateral epicondyl of the femur, along the popliteus, and at its insertion.
What does the popliteus muscle do?
The popliteus muscle rotates the thigh outwards and ‘unlocks’ the knee when running. Generally, people can damage their popliteus tendon after a knee twist or overuse. Also, the tendon can be injured after a total knee replacement.
Where does the popliteus tendon attach to the leg?
The popliteus tendon starts at the outside of the knee, attaching to the thigh bone (femur) and the lateral meniscus. Then it passes down and forms a muscle across the back of the knee to insert into the leg bone (tibia). Generally, its main action is to rotate the leg.