What are some examples of chlorinated hydrocarbons?
The chlorinated hydrocarbons were developed beginning in the 1940s after the discovery (1939) of the insecticidal properties of DDT. Other examples of this series are BHC, lindane, Chlorobenzilate, methoxychlor, and the cyclodienes (which include aldrin, dieldrin, chlordane, heptachlor, and endrin).
What is organochlorine in chemistry?
Organochlorines (OC) are a group of chlorinated compounds widely used as pesticides. These chemicals belong to the class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with high persistence in the environment.
Which is the organochlorine?
Organochlorine pesticides are chlorinated hydrocarbons used extensively from the 1940s through the 1960s in agriculture and mosquito control. Representative compounds in this group include DDT, methoxychlor, dieldrin, chlordane, toxaphene, mirex, kepone, lindane, and benzene hexachloride.
What are chlorinated hydrocarbons used for?
For example, chlorinated hydrocarbons produced from the refinement of crude oil comprise such things as synthetic rubbers used in automobile tires and tennis shoes. They also create plastics used in packaging, and products like fluid pipes, furniture, home siding, credit cards, fences, and toys, to name just a few.
What are the chlorinated hydrocarbons?
Chlorinated hydrocarbon (CHC) is a generic term given to compounds containing chlorine, carbon and hydrogen. The term can be used to describe organochlorine pesticides such as lindane and DDT, industrial chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), and chlorine waste products such as dioxins and furans.
What are two chlorinated hydrocarbons?
Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides are fat soluble. They can last for a long time in the environment and contribute to long-term clinical toxicity. These organochlorine insecticides include aldrin, chlordane, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), endrin, heptachlor, chlordecone (Kepone), and lindane.
What is organochlorine made of?
Organochlorines – They contain organic carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine.
What type of compound is organochlorine?
An organochloride, organochlorine compound, chlorocarbon, or chlorinated hydrocarbon is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. The chloroalkane class (alkanes with one or more hydrogens substituted by chlorine) provides common examples.
Is DDT an organochlorine?
In the United States (US), the organochlorine insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was first used during World War II to combat malaria, typhus, and other diseases among military populations. Widespread use began shortly after in 1945.
Are chlorinated hydrocarbons harmful?
Chlorinated hydrocarbons are of major toxicologic concern, and many (eg, DDT [dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane] and chlordane) have been banned from commercial use because they persist in the environment and accumulate in biological systems.
Where are chlorinated hydrocarbons found?
Chlorinated hydrocarbons such as perchloroethylene (PCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE) are widely used industrial solvents and degreasing agents that have entered and contaminated the environment (e.g., soil and groundwater) through leakage in storage tanks and irresponsible disposal practices in the past.
Is DDT a chlorinated hydrocarbon?
Included in the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide group are DDT (dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane), methoxychlor, aldrin, dieldrin, chlordane, toxaphene, endrin, heptachlor, and lindane (gamma isomer of benzene hexachloride (BHC)).
Where are organochlorine pesticides used?
Generally, OCPs were applied to fence lines, the foundations of homes, along lanes and rights of ways to control termites and ants. Not all urban areas were treated with organochlorine pesticides. However, where they were used, OCPs remain in the soil for many years.
Why were chlorinated hydrocarbons banned?
Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides, such as DDT, chlrodane, heptachlor epoxide, etc., are not found in farms nowadays as they are banned due to their prolong persistence, high toxicity, and carcinogenicity in animals and humans.
Are chlorinated hydrocarbons VOCs?
VOCs include substances like the chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHC like: chloroform, tetrachloormethane, tetrachloorethyleen,…), monoaromatic substances (MAH like: benzene, trichlorobenzene, toluene and ethylbenzene). Most VOCs are industrial compounds with a high annual production.
What are chlorinated hydrocarbons and organophosphates?
Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides and organophosphate compounds are used regularly around poultry houses to control external parasites. Commonly used organochlorine insecticides include chlordane, dieldrin, DDT, heptachlor, and lindane.
Why organochlorine insecticides are banned?
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been used worldwide on an enormous scale over the last century but are banned globally due to environmental persistence and ecotoxicity in recent decades.
Does India use DDT?
DDT is banned for agricultural use in India, however, it continues to be used for fumigation against mosquitoes in several places in India, including Hyderabad. A partial ban on DDT was introduced in 2008 wherein it could not be used for agricultural purposes.
Why does India use DDT?
Apparently, DDT is being sprayed in most regions of India once or twice a year to eliminate mosquitoes. DDT is an organochlorine insecticide and a persistent organic pollutant.
What are hydrocarbons classified as?
In organic chemistry, hydrocarbons ( compounds composed solely of carbon and hydrogen) are divided into two classes: aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds ( / ˌælɪˈfætɪk /; G. aleiphar, fat, oil). Aliphatic compounds can be saturated, like hexane, or unsaturated, like hexene and hexyne.
What are aliphatic hydrocarbons?
Aliphatic compound. In organic chemistry, hydrocarbons (compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen) are divided into two classes: aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds (/ˌælɪˈfætɪk/; G. aleiphar, fat, oil) also known as non-aromatic compounds.
What is an organic compound with at least one atom of chlorine?
An organochloride, organochlorine compound, chlorocarbon, or chlorinated hydrocarbon is an organic compound containing at least one covalently bonded atom of chlorine. The chloroalkane class ( alkanes with one or more hydrogens substituted by chlorine) provides common examples.
What are chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons?
Chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Cl-PAH s) are a group of compounds comprising polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with two or more aromatic rings and one or more chlorine atoms attached to the ring system.