What is the function of Th17 cells?
Th17 cells play a role in host defense against extracellular pathogens, particularly at the mucosal and epithelial barriers, but aberrant activation has been linked to the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases [5].
What is Th17 immune response?
Th17-immune response is a pro-inflammatory immune pathway associated with autoimmune diseases (29, 30). Th17 cells require specific cytokines, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) combined with IL-6 or IL-21 for their differentiation (31).
What do Th17 cells release?
Th17 cells are proinflammatory cells that secrete IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, and IL-22 and provide immunity to several extracellular pathogens including defense against infections from Candida, Citrobacter, and Klebsiella (Happel et al., 2005; Huang et al., 2004; Mangan et al., 2006).
What are Th17 lymphocytes?
Th17 lymphocytes produce cytokines which may promote or impair tumor development. Depending on the microenvironment Th17 may differentiate into Th1 or hybrid lymphocytes capable of controlling tumor growth or into protumoral Treg.
What cytokines do Th17 cells release?
Th17 cells produce the cytokines IL-17A [IL-17] (1–2) and IL-17F (5), as well as the cytokines IL-21 (6–7) and IL-22 (8–9).
What causes Th17 differentiation?
Th17 cells are differentiated when naive T cells are exposed to the cytokines mentioned above. These cytokines are produced by activated antigen presenting cells (APCs) after contact with pathogens.
Where are Th17 cells found?
Activated T helper cells such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 are found in the synovial cavity during the time of inflammation due to rheumatoid arthritis.
What is Th17 inflammation?
Inflammation and pathogenesis induced by Th17 cells is a result of the pro-inflammatory cytokines these cells produce, but another important and often overlooked factor is the chemokines and chemokine receptors that mediate trafficking of activated T cells into diseased tissue.